Vdem codebook12/12/2023 ![]() Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Joshua Krusell, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, Nazifa Alizada, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. ^ Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I.The Democracy Report, the dataset, scientific articles, and working papers are free to download on the institute’s website, which also features interactive graphic tools. An annual Democracy Report that describes the state of democracy in the world. The V-Dem institute also frequently publishes reports on various topics. The Digital Society Project is a subset of indicators on V-Dem's survey which asks questions about the political status of social media and the internet. The V-Dem institute also republishes 59 other indicators, and several other indices which are created, in part, with the assistance of V-Dem indices. Compared to other measures of democracy (such as the Polity data series and Freedom House's Freedom in the World), the V-Dem Institute's measures of democracy are more granular and 2020 included "more than 470 indicators, 82 mid-level indices, and 5 high-level indices covering 202 polities from the period of 1789–2019." Political scientist Daniel Hegedus describes V-Dem as "the most important provider of quantitative democracy data for scholarly research." These datasets are a popular dataset among political scientists, due to information on hundreds of indicator variables describing all aspects of government, especially on the quality of democracy, inclusivity, and other economic indicators. Taking a long-term view on developments from 1960 until 2017, African elections have seen an impressive increase in quality over time, and provide a much more significant contribution to democratization in sub-Saharan Africa than is often acknowledged in the literature.The V-Dem Institute publishes a number of high-profile datasets that describe qualities of different governments, annually published and publicly available for free. Elections also increasingly lead to turnovers, especially elections of high electoral integrity, where on average 34% are associated with alternations in power. By providing opportunities for citizens to remove incumbents from office and generating expansion of civil liberties after elections are over, stimulating citizens and other actors to increase pressure for more democratic freedoms, elections seem on average to have been conducive to democratic developments in Africa. Equally important, electoral interruptions in the form of coup d’état, civil war, or annulment of elections have become very rare.Īfrica is also a continent where the contemporary trend of elections generating broader democratization is particularly palpable. A full 47% of countries in sub-Saharan Africa now hold elections that are free and fair or only involve minor irregularities. Even so, considerable progress is apparent over the last three decades. ![]() However, the integrity of elections still varies widely, ranging from elections with serious irregularities to elections that are fully free and fair. In terms of choice, single-party elections, once so common across Africa, have now all but vanished from the continent. In terms of scope, 46 of 49 countries in sub-Saharan Africa now select the most powerful public offices (i.e., the executive and/or legislature) via elections, and reserved power domains have become relatively uncommon. The quality of elections in Africa demonstrates considerable progress from the early attempts in the 1950s and 1960s to the increasingly democratic era following the end of the Cold War.
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